High Functioning Autism Meltdown

Understanding High Functioning Autism Meltdown Causes, Triggers, and Coping Strategies

High functioning autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social communication, behavior, and sensory processing. One of the most challenging aspects of high functioning autism for children and their families is the occurrence of meltdowns. Meltdowns are a response to an overwhelming situation and can be triggered by a variety of factors. In this article, we will explore the causes and triggers of meltdowns in children with high functioning autism and provide coping strategies for children and their families.

Causes of Meltdowns in Children with High Functioning Autism

Research has shown that children with high functioning autism may have differences in brain development and function that can contribute to the occurrence of meltdowns. For example, a study published in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders found that children with high functioning autism have reduced connectivity between the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, which are involved in emotion regulation and decision-making processes ¹. This reduced connectivity may contribute to difficulties in regulating emotions and behaviors, leading to meltdowns.

Other factors that can contribute to meltdowns in children with high functioning autism include sensory processing difficulties, anxiety, communication challenges, and changes in routine or environment ². Sensory processing difficulties can cause children with high functioning autism to become overwhelmed by sensory input, leading to a meltdown. Anxiety and communication challenges can also contribute to meltdowns, as children with high functioning autism may have difficulty expressing their needs and emotions. Changes in routine or environment can be particularly challenging for children with high functioning autism, as they may struggle with transitions and unexpected events.

Triggers of Meltdowns in Children with High Functioning Autism

While the causes of meltdowns in children with high functioning autism are complex, there are certain triggers that are more likely to lead to a meltdown. Some common triggers include:

Sensory overload: Loud noises, bright lights, strong smells, and other sensory input can be overwhelming for children with high functioning autism and trigger a meltdown.
Communication challenges: Difficulty communicating needs and emotions can lead to frustration and stress, which can trigger a meltdown.
Changes in routine or environment: Unexpected events, transitions, and changes in routine or environment can be challenging for children with high functioning autism and trigger a meltdown.

Anxiety and stress: High levels of anxiety and stress can lead to a meltdown, as children with high functioning autism may struggle to regulate their emotions and behaviors.
Fatigue and hunger: Being tired or hungry can lower a child’s threshold for coping with stress and lead to a meltdown.

Coping Strategies for Meltdowns in Children with High Functioning Autism

While meltdowns can be challenging for children with high functioning autism and their families, there are strategies that can help prevent meltdowns and manage them when they do occur. Some effective coping strategies include:

Sensory support: Providing a quiet and calm environment, using earplugs or headphones, and using sensory tools like fidget toys or weighted blankets can help children with high functioning autism manage sensory overload and prevent meltdowns.
Communication support: Using visual supports like picture schedules or social stories, providing clear and simple instructions, and using alternative forms of communication like sign language or AAC devices can help children with high functioning autism communicate their needs and emotions and prevent meltdowns.

Predictability and routine: Establishing predictable routines, providing advance notice of changes, and using visual schedules or timers can help children with high functioning autism manage transitions and prevent meltdowns.
Self-regulation strategies: Teaching children with high functioning autism self-regulation strategies like deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, or mindfulness can help them manage stress and prevent meltdowns.
Crisis management plan: Developing a crisis management plan with the child with high functioning autism and their family can help them manage meltdowns when they do occur. This plan should include strategies for calming down, identifying triggers, and seeking support from professionals if needed.

Conclusion

Meltdowns are a common challenge for children with high functioning autism and their families. While the causes and triggers of meltdowns are complex, there are effective coping strategies that can help prevent meltdowns and manage them when they do occur. By understanding the unique needs and experiences of children with high functioning autism, we can provide support and promote their well-being.:

Sources:

Dichter, G. S., Richey, J. A., Rittenberg, A. M., Sabatino, A., Bodfish, J. W., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2012). Reward circuitry function in autism during face anticipation and outcomes. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 42(2), 147-160. ↩