Nonverbal Communication in ASD | Navigating the world of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a journey of discovery, filled with unique challenges and invaluable victories. Among these journeys is understanding and supporting nonverbal communication in children with ASD—a topic that’s both rich with diversity and brimming with potential.
What is Nonverbal Autism?
Nonverbal autism refers to the segment of individuals within the autism spectrum who do not use spoken language as their primary means of communication. It’s important to recognize that being nonverbal doesn’t mean the absence of the desire to communicate. Instead, it highlights the necessity for alternative communication methods tailored to each child’s needs and abilities. Every child has a voice, even if not heard in the conventional sense, and uncovering the means to express it is a profound process.
How Do I know if my child is non-verbal?
What science has to say about identifying whether a child is nonverbal or verbal: In general, children begin using their first words around the range of 10 to 18 months of age. By 36 months, speech becomes a more prevalent means of communication (PsychCentral). However, the timeline can be different for children on the autism spectrum, including those who may be nonverbal.
Nonverbal autism describes children within the autism spectrum who do not primarily use spoken language as their form of communication (NCBI). It’s essential to remember that nonverbal doesn’t imply an absence of communication. These individuals often employ various nonverbal methods including body language, facial expression, and alternative augmentative communication methods, such as sign language, Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), and communication boards.
The main indicator of nonverbal autism is the absence or limited use of speech, particularly where the child does not use any words to communicate or echo what is said to them (Expressable). This observation typically becomes apparent if there are no spoken words or an extremely limited vocabulary around the time of the child’s first birthday.
However, every child’s development is unique, and there can be late bloomers in terms of speech. Hence, it’s crucial to consider other factors, such as understanding of language, ability to engage in conversation (even if nonverbal), and atypical vocalization.
Given the wide diversity of symptoms and developmental milestones among children with autism, it’s essential to seek professional evaluation and guidance if you suspect your child may be nonverbal. Professionals such as speech therapists, pediatricians, and child psychologists can provide comprehensive evaluations and treatment plans to support your child in their communication development.
Nonverbal Communication in ASD
Non-Technological Communication Methods
Navigating a world where words don’t flow as easily from your child can often feel like a journey through an uncharted territory. If your child is nonverbal, or has limited ability to use spoken language, it’s important to remember: communication extends far beyond the boundaries of speech. Their voice and their potential are as limitless as our imagination and willingness to listen and adapt.
Understanding that a child cannot talk isn’t about focusing on what is missing, but rather embracing the myriad of ways they can and do communicate with us. This perspective opens doors to discovering unique methods of interaction, fostering connections that are profoundly rewarding. These tools, ranging from gesture-based communication and sign language to advanced assistive technologies, provide alternative avenues for children to share their thoughts, needs, and emotions.
AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication) devices, for instance, offer customizable, user-friendly platforms that give nonverbal children a voice in the literal sense, enabling them to construct sentences, tell stories, and participate in conversations. Similarly, Picture Exchange Communication Systems (PECS) and communication boards with symbols or pictures allow children to express themselves by selecting images that represent their thoughts.
Let’s take heart in knowing that our efforts to support nonverbal communication not only affirm our children’s right to be heard but also celebrate their capacity for creativity, intellect, and emotional depth. Engaging with them through these tools does more than facilitate conversation; it validates their experiences, desires, and insights, enriching the tapestry of our shared human connection.
Encouragingly, there are a wealth of resources available to guide us on this journey. Websites like Project Core and communities such as Speaking of Speech offer guidance, support, and materials to help tailor communication methods to each child’s unique preferences and needs. Below are tools and strategies to adopt tools for non-verbal communication:
Sign Language: Unlocking New Doors
Sign Language stands as a testament to the enduring power of human connection, transcending the spoken word to convey thoughts, needs, and emotions. Its effectiveness for nonverbal children in ASD communities is profound, serving as a bridge to self-expression and understanding. Resources like the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders offer a starting point for parents and educators keen on learning basic signs suited for everyday interactions.
Practical Tips for Using Sign Language in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
Using sign language in communication with individuals on the autism spectrum can be highly beneficial. Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) can sometimes make verbal communication challenging; sign language offers a visual means to facilitate understanding and expression. Here are practical tips on incorporating sign language into communication with those who have ASD:
1. Start with Basic Signs
Begin with essential and everyday signs that can be used to meet immediate needs. For example, starting with the signs for “more,” “eat,” “drink,” and “toilet” can help in routine daily interactions.
2. Consistency is Key
Use the same sign for a particular word or instruction consistently. Avoid changing signs as it might cause confusion.
3. Engage in Interactive Signing
Encourage back-and-forth communication by signing and then waiting for a response. This not only aids in learning the language but also helps in turn-taking aspects of conversation.
4. Make It Fun
Incorporate signing into fun activities like songs, storytelling, and games. This way, learning sign language becomes an enjoyable and stress-free experience.
5. Use Visual Aids
Visual aids such as flashcards with picture and sign illustrations can support the learning process by providing a clear model to follow.
6. Learn Together
Learning sign language as a family or within a community of peers can provide more opportunities for practice and make the individual with ASD feel included and supported.
7. Be Patient
Progress in learning sign language can vary drastically from individual to individual. Be patient and celebrate even the small milestones.
8. Combine with Speech
Whenever possible, combine sign language with spoken language. This dual-mode presentation can reinforce language learning and understanding.
Nonverbal Communication in ASD
Resources for Learning and Practicing Sign Language in ASD:
- Signing Time: A series of videos designed to teach children of all abilities how to sign.
- Sign Language for Autism: A resource provided by Autism Parenting Magazine that provides information on how and why to use sign language in the context of Autism.
- National Autistic Society — Communication and Autism: A detailed guide helping understand the different approaches to communication in ASD, including sign language.
- Handspeak: A sign language dictionary and learning resource that can be used to look up specific signs.
Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS): Visual Voices
PECS plays a pivotal role in facilitating nonverbal communication through the use of picture cards. This system enables children to convey their desires and feelings, engaging in a tangible form of dialogue. For families and educators looking to implement PECS, simple steps like creating a basic set of cards addressing daily needs can be an excellent beginning. Consistency and patience in this approach gradually build a child’s confidence in expressing themselves. If PECS is new to you or if you’re seeking to enhance your practice, we’ve woven together a tapestry of practical tips, enriched with resources to guide and support you.
1. Start Simple
Begin with clarity and joy. Select pictures that depict your child’s most loved items or activities. These images should be clear, simple, and direct. This initiates the journey from a place of interest and engagement, making the learning process natural and enjoyable for your child.
2. Maintain Consistency
The magic of communication grows in consistency. Keeping the PECS book or cards within arm’s reach at all times reinforces their value as a consistent and reliable tool for expression. This constant presence invites continual learning and ease of use.
3. Implement in Everyday Life
Weave the practice of PECS into the fabric of daily routines. From mealtime to playtime, each moment is ripe with opportunities for application. This method anchors the use of PECS in real-life experiences, enhancing understanding and practicality.
Explore further through resources like PECS USA, which offers a plethora of materials and guides to get started. Likewise, Do2Learn provides an extensive range of free printable picture cards, ideal for customizing your child’s PECS experience.
4. Encourage Independence
Empower your child by encouraging them to carry and manage their PECS book independently. This autonomy builds a deeper connection with their communication tool, fostering self-reliance and confidence in their ability to express themselves.
5. Celebrate Every Step
Recognition and celebration of progress fortify the journey. Each step forward, no matter the size, is a monumental leap towards communication and deserves to be celebrated. This spirit of celebration nurtures an environment of positivity and growth.
6. Expand Your Toolkit
Diversifying your approach can enrich the PECS experience. Interactive resources like the Pyramid Educational Consultants offer workshops and additional training for both parents and educators, further expanding your toolkit.
List of Free PECS Websites
Free online resources where you can find more PECS materials, expanding your toolbox:
- Do2Learn – http://www.dotolearn.com
- A treasure trove of educational resources, including picture cards and activities for communication, social skills, and behavior management.
- Trainland PECS – http://trainland.tripod.com/pecs.htm
- Offers downloadable PECS cards and valuable advice on how to effectively use them in teaching communication.
- Speaking of Speech – http://www.speakingofspeech.com
- An interactive forum that has a material exchange page where educators and therapists share PECS and other communication-related materials.
- Visual Aids for Learning – https://www.visualaidsforlearning.com/
- Provides free visual supports and PECS which can be used to assist in the education of children with communication and learning difficulties.
- ABA Resources (https://abaresources.com/free3/) – offers free resources including Picture Activity Schedule Boards and PECS, First/Then and To/Done token boards, Consequence/Reward token board and more.
Nonverbal Communication in ASD
Communication Boards: Customizable Canvases
Communication boards are yet another testament to the adaptability and creativity inherent in nonverbal communication strategies. These boards, customized with symbols and words specific to the child’s environment and preferences, empower users with a means to interact with the world around them. Sharing success stories, like those found in special education forums and communities, can galvanize others to explore how communication boards might light the way for their children.
Let’s explore some practical tips to effectively implement communication boards, along with supportive resources to empower our journey.
1. Start With Personalization
Every child is a world of their own, with unique preferences, interests, and needs. Begin by personalizing the communication board to reflect what’s most relevant and engaging for the child. Incorporating images, symbols, or words that resonate with their personal experiences can make the board more intuitive and appealing to use. Websites like Do2Learn offer a variety of templates and images that can help you customize the perfect communication board.
2. Keep It Accessible
Placement and accessibility are key. The communication board should be placed where the child can easily reach it, ensuring it’s an integrated part of their daily environment. Whether it’s at home in the living room, or at school attached to their desk, accessibility encourages spontaneous use and independence.
3. Encourage Consistent Use
For communication boards to become a reliable tool, they need to be part of the child’s consistent daily routine. Encourage everyone involved in the child’s care and education to use the board throughout various activities and settings. This could mean integrating board interaction into classroom activities, home routines, and even during playtime.
4. Gradually Expand
As the child becomes more comfortable with the board, gradually introduce new words or symbols to expand their vocabulary and expression capacity. This ongoing adaptation keeps the communication board relevant to their growing needs and encourages continuous learning and engagement.
5. Model Its Use
Children learn greatly through observation and imitation. Regularly model the use of the communication board yourself. This not only shows how to use the board but also validates its importance as a communication tool. Demonstrating its use can significantly enhance a child’s motivation and understanding of how to effectively communicate with it.
6. Celebrate Every Effort
Every attempt to communicate, no matter how small, is a giant leap forward. Celebrate each use of the communication board with positive reinforcement. This builds confidence and reinforces the value of their efforts to express themselves.
7. Explore Online Resources
Several online platforms provide free resources and guides for creating and implementing communication boards:
- Project Core offers comprehensive support for implementing communication boards in educational settings.
- Cboard provides a free, web-based communication board that is customizable and accessible across various devices, making it a great option for tech-savvy families and classrooms.
- Speaking of Speech is an interactive forum that includes a material exchange page where you can find and share resources for communication boards and more.
Our journey through understanding nonverbal communication in ASD illuminates a path filled with empathy, creativity, and unwavering support. By embracing and promoting the myriad of ways nonverbal children express themselves, we champion a world that recognizes the invaluable contributions of every individual, regardless of how they communicate.
