Medical Marijuana and Autism | What does the Evidence Say?

Exploring the Potential of Medical Marijuana for Autism Spectrum Disorders

The journey of supporting a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be challenging. Finding the right treatment options that address symptoms effectively, improve communication, and help manage behavior can be a trial and error process. Lately, there has been increasing interest in the potential use of medical marijuana as an intervention for individuals with ASD. As educators, administrators, and engaged parents, we must strive to understand the current evidence-based research on this topic to make informed decisions for our children and students with ASD.

The Science Behind Medical Marijuana and Autism

Cannabis, commonly known as marijuana, contains hundreds of compounds called cannabinoids. The two primary cannabinoids are delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). THC is well-known for its psychoactive properties, while CBD has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic benefits without causing the “high” associated with THC. Research on the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a collection of cell receptors and enzymes present throughout the body, has revealed that cannabinoids can have a remarkable impact on various physiological processes, including mood regulation, appetite, and immune response.

In recent years, researchers have begun investigating the potential relationship between cannabinoids and ASD. One study published in the journal Molecular Autism found that individuals with ASD tend to have altered endocannabinoid signaling, suggesting that targeting the ECS could have therapeutic potential for managing ASD symptoms. Another research paper published in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders indicated improvement in core ASD symptoms in children and adolescents treated with a CBD-rich cannabis extract. It is crucial to recognize that these initial findings must be further substantiated through large-scale, controlled clinical trials.

The Potential Benefits and Risks of Medical Marijuana for ASD

Based on the current research landscape, medical marijuana, particularly CBD, might offer some relief for individuals with ASD. Potential benefits include reduced anxiety, improved sleep, and diminished self-injurious behaviors. However, these findings should be approached with cautious optimism, as the body of research is still in its nascent stage.

1. “Plasma anandamide concentrations are lower in children with autism spectrum disorder” – Molecular Autism (2018)

This research found that the levels of anandamide, a crucial component of the endocannabinoid system, are notably lower in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
The lower anandamide levels were associated with increased social communication challenges and anxiety in children with ASD.
The study’s findings suggest a potential imbalance in the endocannabinoid system could contribute to behavioral and social communication difficulties seen in ASD.

2. “Oral cannabidiol use in children with autism spectrum disorder to treat related symptoms and co-morbidities” – Frontiers in Pharmacology (2019)

This study primarily focused on the effects of oral cannabidiol (CBD) administration in children with ASD.
Research found that the administration of CBD resulted in significant improvements in problematic behaviors, communication issues, anxiety, and disruptive behavior.

The study concluded that CBD might offer an effective, well-tolerated therapy for ASD-related symptoms and co-morbidities.

3. “Brief Report: Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Severe Behavioral Problems-A Retrospective Feasibility Study” – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (2019)

This retrospective study investigated the effects of cannabidiol-rich cannabis in children with ASD and severe behavioral problems.

Results demonstrated that a high percentage of study participants showed significant improvement in their behavioral outbreaks, anxiety, and communication problems.
The study deemed the administering of cannabidiol-rich cannabis as a feasible, safe, and promising treatment option for the severe behavioral problems evident in children with ASD.

References: The following academic research articles will enable you to explore the subject matter more comprehensively while ensuring that the insights presented are firmly rooted in evidence-based practice.

Karhson, D. S., Krasinska, K. M., Dallaire, J. A., Libove, R. A., Phillips, J. M., Chien, A. S., … & Hardan, A. Y. (2018). Plasma anandamide concentrations are lower in children with autism spectrum disorder. Molecular Autism, 9(1), 1-8.
Access the article
Barchel, D., Stolar, O., De-Haan, T., Ziv-Baran, T., Saban, N., Fuchs, D. O., … & Koren, G. (2019). Oral cannabidiol use in children with autism spectrum disorder to treat related symptoms and co-morbidities. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9.
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Aran, A., Cassuto, H., Lubotzky, A., Wattad, N., & Hazan, E. (2019). Brief Report: Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Severe Behavioral Problems-A Retrospective Feasibility Study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(3), 1284-1288.
Access the article

While these studies offer new, promising insights, the research is unfolding, and continuous academic rigor will be crucial in determining the exact relationship between ASD and Cannabinoids. To support children on the autism spectrum effectively, we must remain open to evidence-based options; further detailed studies are necessary to fully understand the potential of cannabinoids in treating ASD symptoms.

While considering the use of medical marijuana for children with ASD, it is also necessary to take into account potential risks and side effects. Some of the known risks associated with THC-containing products include cognitive impairment and a higher likelihood of developing substance use disorders. Products with high CBD content may also produce side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, and decreased appetite. It is essential to consult with healthcare professionals before exploring medical marijuana treatment for children with ASD.

Below are summary findings from some research papers that investigate the potential risks of marijuana use in autism.

“Cannabis and cannabinoid use in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis” – PubMed (2021)^[1]This study found that while some research points to potential symptom reduction in ASD, there are substantial risks and side effects reported. These can include alterations in sleep, decreased appetite, and restlessness. The paper highlights the need for more controlled clinical trials to ensure the effective and safe use of cannabis-based treatments in the ASD population.
“Perinatal Cannabis Exposures and Autism Spectrum Disorders” – National Library of Medicine (2021)^[2]This research paper discusses the potential risks of cannabis exposure during pregnancy and the development of Autism Spectrum Disorders in children. The study suggests that exposure to cannabis during critical developmental periods may pose serious health consequences, including an increased risk of ASD. It also emphasizes the need for more research to fully understand the long-term impacts.

Important to note that while the potential benefits of medical marijuana for individuals with ASD are promising, there can be significant risks and side effects that deserve careful attention. It’s crucial to discuss these potential risks with healthcare providers to fully understand the implications and ensure the safety and health of individuals with ASD.

Embracing Collaboration and Compassion

In the pursuit of improved learning environments and overall quality of life for children with ASD, it remains essential to approach each unique case with empathy and critical thinking. As researchers continue to study the potential benefits and risks of medical marijuana in autism treatment, we, as inclusive educators and committed parents, will remain proactive and adaptive to the evolving science on this subject, embracing change and the transformative power of knowledge.

In conclusion, Medical marijuana has emerged as a promising yet complex area of focus in autism research. As educators, administrators, and involved parents, we must remain informed about the most recent scientific findings and maintain an open dialogue with our teams and healthcare providers to ensure that the decisions we make for our children and students with ASD are grounded in compassion and evidence-based practice. With a united commitment to understanding, we can support and inspire children with autism to reach their full potential, embracing the transformative power of education and informed decision-making.